CCNA IP ADDRESS

CCNA- IP address

IP ADDRESS..............

IP address is a logical address which is assigned to networking devices for their identity. Using IP address we access resources from one device to another device.

There are two version of IP address.

1--IP version 4
2--IP version 6

IP VERSION 4--

                    It is a 32 bit logical address written in dotted decimal. It is used to identify devices in a network . It has   two part network ID and Host ID . Network ID indicates an unique ID for network and Host ID indicates device ID in network.

There are five classes in IPv4 according to size of network and purpose.

Class A- 1.0.0.0   - 126.255.255.255

• In A class IP, 8bit is for NID and 24 bit for Host ID.
• Default Subnet mask for this is 255.0.0.0
• Total Subnet in A Class IP is 2⁷-2=126
• Host per Subnet  =  2²⁴-2 = 16777214
• Private IP - 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255

Class B- 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

• In B class IP 16bit for NID and 16 bit for Host ID. 
• Default Subnet mask for this is 255.255.0.0
• Total Subnet in B Class IP is 2¹⁴ -2=16382 
• Host per Subnet = 2¹⁶ -2=65534 
• Private IP - 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Class C- 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

•  In C class IP 24bit is for NID and 8 bit for Host ID .
•  Default Subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
• Total Subnet in C class IP is 2²¹ -2=   2097152
•  Host per Subnet = 2⁸-2=254
•  Private IP - 192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255

Class D- 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255

   D class is reserved for multicasting

Class E- 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

     E class is reserved for research

Special IP addresses...

APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Address ) -----
 It is assigned to devices Automatically when no DHCP server is active in network and static IP  address has not been configured too. APIPA ranges from 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255.


Loopback Address- Loopback address is for Loopback test of devices.   Reserved address is   127.0.0.1

Default Broadcast Address- 255.255.255.255

Private IP - 

        Private IP address is free to use. We can use this IP without any permission of ISP. Private can only be routed in private Network . We can share and access resources in private network only.We can connect our private computer to public network using a router or Server . We will have to configure NAT on Server or Router.

There are two type of IP addresses are used.

1- Class full address-   When we use default subnet mask with IP address , This is known as Class full address. Class A, Class B and Class C addresses are class full addresses.

2- Class less addresses- When we use subnetted Address and new subnet mask . We do not follow Class .  This is known as Class less addresses.

Follow this table to know block size and subnet mask.

16777216ou can search for any mathematical expression, using functions such as: sin, cos, sqrt, etc. You can find a complete list of functions here.

CCNA-- IPv6

IP VERSION 6

IP version 6 is 128 bit logical address written in Hexadecimal . It has large number of IP address range which will help to overcome problems due to unavailability of IP version 4. We were using NAT to use private IP in public network. If we use IPv6. We don;t need to configure NAT. We don't need of sub netting  because IP v6 support any cast place of broadcast.

ex.   2000:0000:0abc:0124:ec12:1240:4124:1234   /64

 In given example 32 digit is used which is in hexadecimal. A group of 4 digit is known as chunk which is equal to 16 bit.   (f=15, where 15 is equal to (1111) 4 digit of binary ). Total 8 chunk is available in IPv6 . Then 16*8= 128bit.

In given example starting 48 bit is a global ID which is reserved . No one can change 48 bit. bit number 49 to 64 is Network ID. When we need to change NID ID we change it from 4th chunk.
Last 64 bit is for Host ID which will be unique for all networking devices. It uses 64 bit for host ID and 64 bit for NID .So we write /64 as a sub net prefix in place of sub net mask.

IP distributions.

     For example ..............